Thursday, August 27, 2020
Brave New World and Blade Runner: Concern for humanity and its relationship with the natural world
Welcome to the second meeting of the ââ¬Å"Reach to the Futureâ⬠understudy protection gathering. The moral issues reflected in this realistic are portrayals of mankind's collaboration with nature in two modern scholarly manifestations; novel ââ¬Å"Brave New World,â⬠by Aldous Huxley, 1932, and movie ââ¬Å"Bladerunner: The Director's Cutâ⬠coordinated by Ridley Scott and discharged in 1992, 10 years after its unique. It has been as far as I can tell in my post-graduate investigation of morals and nature in cutting edge messages, that numerous writers uncover mechanical progression and financial weight as sources of ecological debasement. Be that as it may, Huxley and Scott grow this idea, making fictional universes where innovation has additionally caused lost humankind and change in moral gauges. Be that as it may, are the worries of these universes simply innovative? Or then again have Huxley and Scott just examined the progression of innovation and industrialism in their own unique circumstances, so as to make a future world that is dehumanized and unnatural? Consider our setting Year 12, and welcome to what's to come. By intentionally differentiating the setting of the ââ¬Ëconventional' world state, to the ââ¬Ëwild' Malpais, Huxley challenges the mankind's an incentive in a hereditarily designed world. In Chapter One, we are arranged to the innovatively ââ¬Ëperfect' world province of ââ¬Å"Community. Personality. Security (BNW, pg. 1) ,â⬠632 A. F. Symbolism like ââ¬Å"Cold for all the late spring past the sheets (BNW, pg. 1),â⬠assists with depicting a world that is normal to its occupants, yet morally distorted for perusers. Anyway when Bernard and Lenina enter the Malpais in Chapter Seven, we acclimate to a world that is like our own, yet is esteemed ââ¬Å"Queer (BNW, pg. 96)â⬠by Lenina, a result of the hereditarily designed World State. A flying creatures eye see, went with tangible symbolism of sound, ââ¬Å"rhythm of â⬠¦ heart, (BNW, Pg. 96)â⬠and contact, ââ¬Å"eagle flew â⬠¦ blew chill on their faces, (BNW, Pg. 96)â⬠produces the differentiation that empowers Huxley to communicate that science and security happen to the detriment of mankind. This worry was evoked by his dad's work in science, and furthermore the 1930's Victorian view that science was creating at a similar rate as humankind, later embodied in Orwell's tale ââ¬Å"1984. To show the wrong idea of the relevant view, Huxley introduced morals and an association with nature in a human, however sick land that has been underestimated because of worldwide progression. In our unique circumstance, logical headway to the detriment of mankind is addressed in making ââ¬Ëdesigner children's through IVF. Our morals, and association with characteristic practices are questioned when various undeveloped organisms are discarded during the time spent making one ââ¬Ëperfect' human. It appears to be excessively similar to the underestimation of the Malpais and nature to make a ââ¬Ëperfect' society in the World State of BNW. Correspondingly, a complexity of scenes is utilized in Bladerunner to represent Scott's anxiety that industrialism is an essential driver of imbalance in mankind and nature. The climatic setting in the initial montage shows an infesting dimness, with dreadful manufactured sounds and a high camera edge zooming down onto the roads of blazing urban rot named ââ¬Å"Hades, Los Angeles, 2019. â⬠The 10,000 foot see, as in BNW presents a dystopic vision, before long differentiated when Deckard visits Rachael at the Tyrell Corporation building. As Deckard's lift climbs, the camera scales the structure from a slight point of sorrow. The downpour and absence of common light is supplanted with a brilliant gleam, and once inside, melodic chief Vangelis guarantees a soundtrack move to quiet wind tolls which effectively compare the serenity of the corporate world class to the dystopic exhibit of the cityscape. Globalization, a 1980's relevant dread is communicated through setting as the embodiment of the devastation of mankind and nature in BR. The ââ¬Ëlittle individuals' in Bladerunner, live with the contamination and inconsistent spread of assets that globalization has caused. Comparative is our own specific situation, as because of financial globalization the greater part of the female populace in Latin America live underneath the neediness line1. Progressed social molding for financial limit happens in the World State of BNW, paying little heed to its impacts on nature and mankind, which is another of Huxley's relevant concerns. In the wake of learning of ââ¬Ëhypnopaedia' and the ââ¬Ëneo-Pavlovian' molding of youngsters to guarantee a relationship of agony with nature, the organized juxtaposition of two discussions in Chapter Three further clarifies Huxley's anxiety. In Chapter Three, the hypnopaedia of the molding community ââ¬Å"I do cherish flyingâ⬠¦ new clothes,(BNW, pg. 43)â⬠is repeated in Huxley's portrayal, ââ¬Å"The voices were adjusting â⬠¦ future mechanical flexibly (BNW, pg. 43). â⬠This is additionally communicated in Mond's lessons in the nursery as he states ââ¬Å"under productionâ⬠¦ a wrongdoing against society. (BNW, pg. 46)â⬠Through structure, Huxley's anxiety that made products are dissuading humankind's connection with nature is unequivocal. Relevantly, Huxley is scrutinizing the time of Fordism and the loss of qualities experienced in post WW1. Henry Ford, originator of Ford Motors, started a time of large scale manufacturing of merchandise during the 1920s, propelling society's industrialism. Portage and market analysts got a handle fair and square of profound vacancy evident after WW1 and recommended buy as a strategy for alleviation. Huxley saw human conduct change as the valuation for nature was noted as disadvantageous for industry. Huxley's anxiety progressed to Scott's period just as our own where globalization and large scale manufacturing are the premise of our economy. Besides, our present degree of innovation permits numerous to live without human cooperation, and much human conduct includes consumption, not the protection of nature. Like structure in BNW, Symbolism works in Bladerunner in showing social molding as negative to human conduct, a worry that proceeded from Huxley's time to the 1980's. In the initial grouping, a long camera shot places our emphasis on an image of commercialization, exemplified by the ââ¬Ëgeisha' Asian lady ââ¬Ëpill flying' on an enlivened bulletin. While thinking about BR's setting, the consistent return and arrangement of the bulletin on a high rise, Scott exemplifies commercialization as holding priority over nature and humankind in Los Angeles, 2019. This commercialization represents the ascent of the Asian trans-national partnerships of the 1980s which was dreaded as a financial type of socialism. The world was continually helped to remember the advantages of buying yet was seldom educated about the condition of nature which prompted the extensive degree of ecological corruption, including corrosive downpour. Today, most created nations have marked settlements with respect to the earth. For instance, the ââ¬ËUN Kyoto Protocol' asks every single created nation to decrease their Greenhouse Emissions by 5% like clockwork beginning from the year 2008. Be that as it may, the absence of confirmation of this bargain, our material world, and the unpreventable idea of promoting are still dangers to our condition and furthermore to the normal conduct of people in the year 2004. Each character in BNW has a clear reason in investigating Huxley's notice about humankind's separation from the regular world. In any case, Mustapha Mond further investigates Huxley's thought by additionally articulating the loss of mankind's qualities in a deductively propelled setting. Mond is the mouthpiece of the World State, without human qualities and subsequently his expressive discourse and peculiarities clinically legitimize a general public where everything can be normalized, mass created and in this way balanced out. In Chapter Three, Mond chats with the understudies about families and the situation that passionate opportunity caused in times before ââ¬ËOur Ford. Mond downgrades feeling as ââ¬Å"reeking (BNW, pg. 35),â⬠and portrays regular generation, families and monogamy in language ââ¬Å"so vividâ⬠¦ one boyâ⬠¦ at the purpose of being debilitated. (BNW, pg 32)â⬠Dismissive regardless, Mond is simply typifying the adjustment in human conduct that logical headway has caused, and thusly imparting Huxley's anxiety. As Huxley visited Europe before finishing BNW, Mond is displayed on post WW1 tyrants, for example, Hitler and Mussolini. His character additionally depicts the loss of qualities and otherworldly vacancy experienced by numerous individuals in post WW1. In BR, Deckard is without human qualities like Mond however not at all like ââ¬ËJohn the Savage' from BNW, it is a replicant with no association with nature, who applies human qualities in Bladerunner. The ascent of mechanical autonomy in the 1980's impacted the character of Batty, and furthermore Deckard. Wacky represents the ââ¬Ëhuman robot' that science longed for in the 1980's, though, Deckard represents the loss of mankind that ethicists dreaded in light of mechanical technology. Roy Batty's ââ¬Å"more human than humanâ⬠hereditary mien permits him to apply insight, apparent in his citations of Blake ââ¬Å"fiery the heavenly attendants fellâ⬠¦ their shoulders roared,â⬠and to apply physical pressure, yet just over the span of his multi year life length. In the last scenes of the film, Batty's increased mindfulness and want for feeling and life outperform his hereditary impediments giving him a role as a Christ figure and furthermore a fallen holy messenger as he looks vainly to his maker for a feeling of importance. With his last words, ââ¬Å"Memories â⬠¦ ost like tears in the rain,â⬠Roy is given a role as an unfortunate saint, and permits Scott to delineate that when there is not, at this point a situation to abuse, as on the planet in LA, 2019, the individuals who have alluring characteristics will be mistreated, this eventually leaving the world progressively coldhearted. In our specific circumstance, the sympathy we
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Emerged On Relevance Sociology In Advancing-Myassignmenthelp.Com
Question: Talk About The Emerged On Relevance Sociology In Advancing? Answer: Introducation Over the most recent five decades, contentions have risen on the significance of human science in propelling the social insurance part. Evidently, the focal point of these conversations has been on the inconsistencies between the different sociological speculations on wellbeing and the clinical model. With the progressions in innovation and joining of these advances in the medicinal services part, pundits have scrutinized the pertinence of human science in tending to clinical issues. In any case, for the unprejudiced players in these conversations, human science is a fundamental component in the movement of the clinical field. The way that sociological hypotheses and the clinical model vary on specific positions doesn't deduce that human science is immaterial to the medicinal services area. Truth be told, sociologists set that humanism has assumed a critical job in the progression of the clinical field. The two prevailing sociological viewpoints that expound on the social determinant s of wellbeing are the Marxist hypothesis and social constructionist hypothesis. In spite of the fact that these two hypotheses can't help contradicting the clinical model on specific issues, they are crucial in the turn of events and improvement of the clinical field. As per Weiss and Lonnquist (2015), it is difficult to estrange sociological point of view from clinical investigations. Social science analyzes the exchange between a few social powers and how they shape human life. As indicated by Weiss and Lonnquist (2015), the field of clinical human science contemplates medicinal services comparable to social components. Then again, the cutting edge clinical field assesses social insurance as to organic characteristics of a person. This distinction in contemplating human services parameters shapes the premise of the dissimilarities that exist between the few sociological speculations and the clinical model. The Marxist point of view on medicinal services is one of the significant sociological clarifications on the various determinants of wellbeing. The Marxist hypothesis centers around the intensity of monetary exercises in the general public. As Chapman (2010) brings up, the social determinants of wellbeing are the settings wherein individuals are conceived, live, develop and work that decide their wellbeing status. In Marxists see, monetary creation is the most fundamental human movement in the general public. In this regard, the financial capacity of people inside the general public decides their capacity to get to human services benefits in the general public. Furthermore, this financial capacity additionally impacts how an individual carries on with a sound life. The point of convergence of the Marxist viewpoint is that financial exercises are the key wellbeing determinants in the general public. As indicated by the Marxist hypothesis, the powers and relations of creation are the ones that shape the different foundations in the general public, for example, human services, instruction, and legitimate systems(Chapman, 2010). Marx contended that in industrialist social orders, imbalances in monetary capacities bring about the development of social classes. In this view, there are the individuals who control the mean of creation and the individuals who work for them. The capacity to carry on with a sound life relies upon the social class of a person. For those in the upper social class, access to sound day to day environments isn't an issue. In any case, for individuals in the lower social classes, supporting solid life is a battle since they need adequate financial assets to have a sound existence. The Marxist hypothesis is essential in understanding the social factors that decide the strength of people. Aside from the straightforwardness to get to social insurance benefits because of asset disparities, the Marxist point of view additionally explains on what is named as word related medical issues. As indicated by Weiss and Lonnquist (2015), the Marxist perspectives demand that the wellbeing results of a populace are formed by the activity in an entrepreneur society. As they would like to think, Weiss and Lonnquist (2015) set that activities in a free enterprise society impact wellbeing results at two levels. Initially, wellbeing is molded at the creation level. The creation level characterizes the cutting edge idea on word related wellbeing complexities. As per Chapman (2010), at this stage, wellbeing is resolved legitimately through modern ailments like introduction to synthetic substances, or in a roundabout way through the utilization mechanical items. For example, the util ization of modern items like canned food effectsly affects the wellbeing states of the shoppers. Besides, wellbeing is controlled by the inconsistent dispersion of assets in an entrepreneur society. As per Weiss and Lonnquist (2015), the lopsided designation of assets introduced in the Marxist hypothesis is one of the most predominant contentions on the sociological determinants of wellbeing. In this view, pay, and level of abundance decides the capacity of individuals to carry on with a solid life. For example, the rich live in regions where there is straightforward entry to quality wellbeing administrations. Moreover, these regions watch significant levels of sanitations. Interestingly, the individuals who are not supplied monetarily live in regions with a poor association with quality clinical administrations thus expanding their odds of turns out to be sick. Besides, these people come up short on the capacity to manage the cost of dependable clinical consideration. As indicated by Chapman (2010), the considerations of the Marxist hypothesis are upheld by the present commerci alization of clinical items and administrations. In this circumstance, just the individuals who have adequate assets can bear the cost of value and dependable medicinal services. The social constructionist hypothesis takes a different conclusion from that of Marxism. As per Conrad and Barker (2010), this hypothesis places that the comprehension of the different wellbeing parameters depends with social orders and societies. In this view, each general public has its extraordinary perspectives about ailments. Truth be told, the hypothesis discredits the all inclusiveness of ailments as contended in the clinical model. As per Weitz (2016), the belief system of the social development hypothesis is ascribed to crafted by Berger and Luckmann (1967) who point out that information creates consistently. In this regard, constructivists challenge the view that there is an ordinary method of rewarding medical issues. Rather, they contend that information on wellbeing factors is socially built. Moreover, crafted by Foucault (1976, 1979) investigates how social recognitions influence the clinical calling (Weitz, 2016). As per Wietz (2016), Foucault contends that wellbeing a nd ailment are social variables which are influenced by time through changing understandings and information improvement. As indicated by Conrad and Barker (2010), social constructivists contend that the significance of a wonder creates through communications in a social setting. In this comprehension, the determinants of wellbeing rely upon culture and practices of a general public in the light of characteristic events. Significantly, social constructionism investigates how individuals and gatherings add to the foundation of saw social real factors and knowledge(Conrad Barker, 2010). As indicated by the social constructivists, disease has outcomes which are liberated from organic ramifications. For example, incapacity is a social development, not a disease. In a sociological point of view, individuals who are handicapped are prohibited from certain cultural exercises. Consequently, wellbeing is dictated by the capacity of a person to take part in characterized cultural exercises completely. Not at all like the sociological hypotheses on wellbeing determinants which center around the social establishments, the clinical model places on organic factors as the key wellbeing components. The clinical model distances the general public as a powerful wellbeing determinant. Rather, it limits to the individual organic fundamentals of the individuals in the general public. Bookkeeping to Wietz (2016), the clinical model majors both on the physical and organic segments of wellbeing and illnesses. In this structure, the clinical experts see an illness as a modification to ordinary working of the body. The clinical model keeps up that wellbeing is controlled by the hereditary characteristics of a person. Thus, the model utilizes mind boggling and characterized philosophies in diagnosing, rewarding, and forestalling illnesses. As per Garg, Boynton-Jarrett, and Dworkin (2016), the clinical model tends to wellbeing conditions dependent on a person's hereditary qualities. As Wietz (2016) calls attention to, the clinical model depends on the inspiration that desires in the clinical field drive research and advancement. This view aggress with that of the social development of information. Notwithstanding, they vary on the all inclusiveness of wellbeing conditions. As indicated by social constructivism, ailments are not all inclusive and rely upon the way of life of social orders. Then again, the clinical model contends that wellbeing conditions not confined by culture. Furthermore, the sociological speculations use investment in the center cultural exercises as the essential method of measuring a people wellbeing status. Interestingly, the clinical model uses the natural capacity of an individual's body to assess wellbeing soundness. In this regard, the sociological speculations set that the job of clinical experts is to permit people to partake completely in the basic social procedures. Be that as it may, in the clinical model, the job of wellbeing specialists is to restore the body to its pre-ailment state(Weiss Lonnquist, 2015). In any case, Garg, Boynton-Jarrett, and Dworkin (2016) contend that it is difficult to avoid social factors as one of the instrumental wellbeing determinants. For example, at outrageous levels, asset conveyance and workplace can fundamentally influence the wellbeing state of a person. In spite of the fact that the clinical model doesn't cover these social variables, Garg, Boynton-Jarrett, and Dworkin (2016) call attention to that they are fundamental in accomplishing a productive human services framework. As of now, there are continuous activities to fuse the crucial social viewpoints into the clinical are
Drugs in Saudi Arabia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Medications in Saudi Arabia - Research Paper Example With respect to this, medicate use is a genuine offense in Saudi Arabia; the punishment is passing. Medication dealers saw as liable are condemned to death. The Saudi Arabia government rates as one of the spots with the strictest guidelines on drugs on the planet. The realm has a zero-resilience, severe enemy of medication approach that is started at all the vehicle section frameworks into the nation with best in class innovation for discovery (US Department of State). The ruler records a portion of the physician recommended drug as illicit, in this way guests or travelers conveying such should have appropriate medicine papers from their primary care physicians. Strikingly, a portion of the prescriptions in the over-the-counter classification fall under the controlled substances in the Saudi Arabia Kingdom. In the course of recent years, the realm has been stressing its preclusion of medications and substances viewed as against the Koran lessons through the formation of more guidelines and arrangement to control drugs. The air terminals in the realm direct intensive traveler look, even the traveling travelers. Those found with controlled substances and medications are exposed to preliminaries under the Islamic laws (US Department of State, 2011). The presentation of capital punishment for medicate dealing offenses was in March 1987 under King Fahd. The Council of Senior Ulama (strict researchers liable for the understanding of Islamic laws) had introduced strict declaration (fatwa) No. 138 that contained the punishment proposition. The proclamation was supporting for a capital punishment for people saw as blameworthy of getting or pirating ââ¬Å"drugsâ⬠into the realm, with a similar punishment for recidivist dissemination charges. The proclamation became law and produced results right away. As indicated by Amnesty International records, the main execution occurred in July 1987, which saw the decapitation of Falin receptacle Kami al-Makati. Ã
Friday, August 21, 2020
Employment flexibility - Australian perspective Essay
Work adaptability - Australian point of view - Essay Example It is for the most part because of the changing monetary conditions and business situation of the whole globe. Thusly, the association may adapt up to the changing economic situations and prerequisites of the clients. Therefore, the productivity and viability of the association upgrades bringing about intensification of its image picture and notoriety in the market among others. Other than this, the interest and prerequisites of the items expanded to a huge degree bringing about upgrade of its image value and overall revenue in the whole market among different contenders working in comparative field. Be that as it may, so as to build the pace of seriousness in worldwide points of view, most extreme degree of the associations wants to actualize the idea of adaptability in the business states of the laborers. This encourages the representatives to benefit the office of fluctuated working timetables and timings bringing about progress of the spirit and execution level of the representat ives. Accordingly, the degree of efficiency of the laborers and association improved to a significant degree along these lines upgrading its degree of maintainability in this serious situation among other adversary contestants. Hence, this idea demonstrated very successful for the associations and the laborers working in Australian market (Macdonalds, 2003). What Is Flexibility In Employment Mean? As indicated by Reilly (2001), adaptability in working conditions implies that getting changed in accordance with the monetary conditions and furthermore the working timetables in order to expand the profitability and effectiveness of the associations in the market among others. Not just this, it may likewise demonstrate successful for the representatives to build their spirit and devotion towards work bringing about intensification of their exhibition in the association. In addition, this idea is refreshing both by the administration just as the workers of the association as it featured t he results arranged methodology. This implies time isn't the prime requirement, yet result or profitability is the prime thing. The worker brought to the table the measure of work apportioned to the person in question in his liked or perfect time in order to improve their degree of execution and inspiration too. In this way, the National Qualification Framework (NQF) offered more focus over result situated methodology as opposed to time-control approach in Australian associations (Reilly, 2001). Accordingly, this methodology is exceptionally valued by both the businesses and the workers of the Australian association when contrasted with others. Writing audit According to Auer and Cazes (2003), work adaptability is one of the imaginative idea developed in the ongoing age. The prime explanation behind the acquaintance of this idea is with persuade both the workers and the business of the association. The primary point of the business of any association in this age is to upgrade its sc ope of benefit in this way satisfying both the essential and mental needs of the representatives. At exactly that point, the workers would get fulfilled and subsequently their degree of execution and inward commitment may improve. Because of which, the degree of proficiency and commitment towards the duties of the work may improve bringing about satisfaction of the normal goal of the association. Next to each other, by watching the devotion level of the senior representatives, the youngsters may likewise embrace the comparative working conduct and culture bringing about improvement of the absolute deals and ROI of the Australian association in the whole globe among different adversaries (Government of
Case Study Material Essay
Herman Miller Company is hoping to receive the support to support (C2C) structure convention. This plan is to make a shut circle item life cycles. Herman Miller Company ought not utilize PVC in the development of the Mirra seat. An elective material thermoplastic urethane (TPU) has been distinguished as another option. TPU is a practical elective that accompanies the ââ¬Å"greenâ⬠exposure the organization was getting for the Mirra seat. The initial step that necessities to happen is to converse with their provider about altering existing tooling to work with TPU. Just as the lead time it would take to adjust existing tooling. To make new tooling could take roughly 6 two months for new tooling to be designed just as making the new tooling. As talked about from the case the retool could cost over $100K (Lee 2009). The presentation of TPU was talked about in August of 2002 and the dispatch of the Mirra seat is planned for June 2003. This gives the organization 9 months to utilize TPU rather than PVC on the seat arms. To retrofit tooling for another crude material can mess more up than just to make new tooling. The primary thing that requirements to happen is to converse with the provider and to decide a lead time for new tooling and a lead time for adjusting existing tooling. Tooling can be adjusted; in any case, it involves time and cash. There are worries about utilizing TPU in the Mirra seat, that clients will begin needing TPU in each seat. This seat has gotten a ton of exposure
Saturday, June 27, 2020
A Research On HIV Protease Inhibitors - Free Essay Example
HIV Protease Inhibitors INTRODUCTION. Basically, HIV is a type of virus that attack the most importance part in the human body which is the immune system and eventually HIV virus will be converted to AIDS.Ã HIV LIFE CYCLE. We deal with HIV virus as a malicious type of viruses. The secret of their effect is how they hide their own DNA inside our bodys DNA, because this action will indirectly make our cells work as a large factory of producing more HIV cells and allowing more copies to be formed. The clearest steps of HIV life cycle are six main stages: Binding (the attachment that occur between HIV proteins and CD4+ on the T4 cells) . Reverse transcription (by enzyme called reverse transcription that work on making DNA copy of the RNA that present in HIV cells) . Integration (the dissimulation of DNA that are related to HIV into the DNA in the human normal cells by an enzyme called integrase). Transcription (Formation of newly genetic material known as mRNA). Translation (making new viral proteins). Maturation (creating new HIV cells). WHATE IS HIV PROTEASE ENZYME?! Its a special type of enzymes that consist of 2 symmetrical subunits. The cleavage between a poly-alanine and tyrosine or protein is the unique function of this enzyme. The main action of protease is the inducement of human immune system as well. They can degenerate of any kind of pathogens that possibly enter the body. Also the can produce a defense effect by activation Toll-like receptors. Such researches shows that proteases are the aim and the primary target in a broad spectrum therapeutic sittings. After several researches, scantiest discover that Anti-retroviral drugs can improve the condition on HIV patients. In a very simple way we can define this type of drugs by saying that they are mainly exert there effect by preventing the virus from breakthrough body cells and start producing more copies. PROTEASE ENZYME STRUCTURE\ pep-statin. Pep-statin is the major and general inhibitor for all protease, and starting from pep-statin we discovered the most of protease enzyme inhibitor drugs. So the structure of pep-statin: PROTEASE INHIBITOR DRUGS STRUCTURE. Drugs that are approved from FDA are over 11 and more, but we will mention only two drugs with their structure: Ritonavir\ Norvir Structure: Indinavir\ crixivan Structure: MECHANISM OF ACTION FOR PROTEASE INHIBITOR. There mechanism of action is complicated, but the very main point in their effect mechanism that all protease inhibitor apply is about the binding to protease via an extensive network of hydrogen bonds, resulting in the drug become attach to the active site and this will prevent HIV reproduction. Unfortunately; mutations in HIV proteases occur frequently in a very short period so it limit the use of protease inhibitors drugs. A brief change in few Amino Acids can prevent the binding of drug to protease leading to broad drug resistance. The more strong binding of protease into drugs can be achieved by direct hydrogen bond with the backbone atoms of the iso-aminoacids at position 50 of the protease chain. PHARMACOKINETICS. Pharmacokinetics is all about absorption, distribution, and elimination. The protease-inhibitor drugs are absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and they are PH-dependence drugs in their nature. The most of protease inhibitor drugs whatever classes they are; have high bioavailability that exceed 65%. There protein binding property is approximately 60% (as in indinavir drug). The metabolism action is locally occur in hepatic via CYP3A4, and related to the elimination half-life rate is detected clinically =1.8 hours. ADVERSE EFFECT OF PROTEASE INHIBITOR. As these drugs are dealing with one of the most serious type of viruses, there side effects are generally as following: Kidney stones. Alopecia (heavy hair loss, known also as baldness). Ingrown nails. Increase bilirubin level Extreme fatigue Distinctive oral ulceration Abnormal increase in cholesterol levels CLINICAL USE OF PROTEASE INHIBITOR DRUGS. Protease enzyme inhibitors drugs are used mainly for HIV treatment. Also for treating specific types of cancer as their strong ability on killing tumors cells in cutler. And by combination of protease inhibitor drugs with anti-protozoal may treat Malaria or some gastric infection. METABOLISM OF TWO DRUGS. About ritonavir metabolism, as we mentioned before in explanation, its mainly metabolism done by the action of CYP450. And its importance thing to mention that ritonavir drug is contraindication when patients are dealing also with rifalutin and trimethoprim drugs as these drugs are highly present in a concentered amount in the plasma body that is happened because of badly inhibition of oxidative metabolism. When talking about the metabolism action of Indinavir drug so its a little bit different story because of the glucuronide conjugation that occur in a very wide manner. The metabolism of this type of drugs are detected accurately by urine and feces samples collected from patients when doctors found that over 21% percent of the drug is excreted in the urine ( the amount of drug that shows an effect on the patient). This drug doesnt last for a long time in the human body when its taken, the half-life of it is approximately around 1.8 H. We should also mention that this drug will make a drug-interaction with ketoconazole drug and eventually lead to increase in indinavir concentration in the blood plasma. REFRENCES. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12422251 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Mechanism-of-action-of-protease-inhibitors_fig2_266592083 https://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2189?Ã §ionid=172486528 https://www.bocsci.com/pepstatin-a-cas-26305-03-3-item-84-88872.html?gclid=Cj0KCQiAw5_fBRCSARIsAGodhk_l4o__ElOzrbP5eR https://www.hiv.va.gov/patient/basics/what-is-HIV.asp https://www.cellsalive.com/hiv4.htm
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
The Problem Of Mental Illness - 1683 Words
When you have a stomach ache, you know there is a list of possible causes, from something as simple as your body not agreeing with your dinner to something as serious as a cancerous tumor. When you go to the clinic, the physician more often than not, will start off by asking you a list of detailed questions about when the pain started, how long itââ¬â¢s been happening, what type of pain you are feeling, and any and all other symptoms you are experiencing. Without a thorough analysis and examination, it would be irresponsible for your physician to diagnose you with stomach cancer or the flu, both of which would provide you with stomach pains. However, the treatment of course, would look very different. The following is true of mental illness; many different diagnoses possess similar symptoms. This is why it is so important to perform meticulous examinations to arbitrate if the child is actually suffering from a mental issue and if so, which one. It is vital to understand what is really causing certain behaviors in your child, because just as medicine, the diagnosis that may be given to your child can radically determine the treatment they receive. An example of this would be a misdiagnosis prescribing medication for ADHD will not work if the childââ¬â¢s inattention is caused by anxiety versus ADHD. This will cause a physician or clinician to have to start the examination process on the child all over again. This paper will discuss the disease, the diagnoses of the disease,Show MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Mental Illness858 Words à |à 4 Pages Forget all the stereotypes of mental illness. It has no face. It has no particular victim. Mental illness can affect an individual from any background and the black community is no exception. African Americans sometimes experience even more severe forms of mental health conditions because of unmet needs and barriers to treatment. According to the Office of Minority Health, African Americans are 20 percent more likely to experience serious mental health problems than the general population. Thatââ¬â¢sRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Illness1412 Words à |à 6 Pagescan be no gainsaying as to the fact that the problem of providing adequate mental care for mentally ill citizens is not new (Turnquist, n.d). As a matter of fact, according to the Center for Social Studies Associate Laboratory (2010), mental illness has always necessitated a challenge with regard to the societyââ¬â¢s capacity to not only integrate such individuals, but also provide care to them. One key impediment sur rounding the matter of mental illness, according to Unite for Sight.org (2013), is cultureRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Illness1605 Words à |à 7 PagesEight years old was the age when Elyn Saks experienced the first symptoms of an illness that would later threaten to tear apart her entire future. To complicate the situation, she was not dealing with an entirely physical illness. Although she did not know at the time, Saks was suffering from the beginnings of the notorious mental illness called Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is widely known for the way in which it inhibits a personââ¬â¢s sense of reality, causing hallucinations and delusions among thoseRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Illness2557 Words à |à 11 PagesThis paper will analyze the problem of mental illness in American society. Firstly, this paper will discuss why mental illness is such a large problem. Access to equal treatment is not available for all. Therefore, when not addressed or treated, mental illness can l ead to further social issues such as gun violence, suicide, homelessness, and incarceration. This paper will also address three government policy solutions that help treat the severely mentally ill, ease their transitions back into theirRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Illness912 Words à |à 4 PagesMental illness affects many people throughout the United States each year. Some people classify it as any psychiatric disorder that is the cause of untypical behavior. Many years ago, doctors locked up mentally ill patients in mental institutions and basically forgot about them. Medical professionals housed the mentally ill in different corridors of the hospital. Sometimes, they stayed in isolation and were in some type of restraints. Once government officials realized that neglect was getting outRead MoreThe Problem Of Mental Illness1952 Words à |à 8 Pages2014, we are almost up to 15 per 100,000. It may not seem like much, but it really adds up. Especially when people choose to ign ore the problem. Mental illness is a very serious thing, it just needs to be accepted and should not be ignored. About 57.7 million people have a diagnosable mental disorder, and that is just ages 18 and older. One in five teens have a mental disorder that impacts their day to day life, and people wonder why the suicide rate is so high in teens. It is not anyone s fault forRead MoreMental Illness : A Mental Health Problem778 Words à |à 4 PagesPeople with a mental illness are still people. When I say this, you probably think to yourself, ââ¬Å"Well, isnââ¬â¢t that obvious?â⬠But yet, when someone tells us they are feeling depressed, most people will say ââ¬Å"Itââ¬â¢s just a phase, get over it.â⬠or ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re feeling sad, just be happy.â⬠They brush it off and ignore it, thinking that this person will be okay. When in reality, 1 in 4 people in England are dealing with a mental health issue, and only 1 in 8 are actually getting treatment for their illness. This meansRead MoreMental Illness Is A Social Problem1501 Words à |à 7 PagesMental illness is a health condition that affects an individualââ¬â¢s moods and thinking in a way that changes how that person relates to other people in society. The functioning of the affected person is also altered and usually results in the person failing to perform some of the daily activities that the person has previously engaged in. Mental illness can be considered a combination of both social and health complications, affecting the social life of the people who fall victim in many ways (ElliottRead MoreMental Illness : A Social Problem1290 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroducing Mental Illness The social problem I have chosen to write about is mental illness. This problem is important to talk about ââ¬Å"because of the number of people it affects, the difficulty of defining and identifying mental disorders, and the ways in which mental illness is treatedâ⬠(Kendall, 2013, p. 227). ââ¬Å"About 57.7 million people, or one in four adults, in the United States suffer from a diagnosable mental disorderâ⬠(Kendall, 2013, p. 229). ââ¬Å"Many of these illnesses begin in childhood orRead MoreMental Illness As A Social Problem982 Words à |à 4 PagesMental Illness as a Social Problem Introduction Mental illness is a turmoil that is portrayed by unsettling influences in a man s idea, feelings, or conduct. Emotional instability alludes to a wide assortment of scatters, running from those that bring about gentle misery to those that impede a man s capacity to work in day by day life. Numerous have attempted to make sense of the purposes behind emotional instabilities. These reasons have been taken a gander at and considered for a great many
Monday, May 18, 2020
Should Sexual Education Be Mandatory - 877 Words
Should sexual education should be taught in schools? The answer is simply yes. Sexual education should be taught in schools because it can help many teenagers prevent life threating things that come without knowledge of the subject. Without any knowledge on the subject of sex, many teenagers can put themselves in danger that can easily be prevented. Should this class be mandatory? Sexual education should be mandatory simply because of the benefits that come with it. Without knowledge on sex, teenagers can get themselves in a world of trouble. But, if this class is taught, the students can be educated on why not to have sex at an early age, and if they intend to, to use protection. Many teenagers are now becoming parents these days. In fact, from the ages of 15-19, there were 249,078 babies born in the United States. (1) Many of these unwanted pregnancies can be prevented with the help sexual education. Yes, in some schools there is sexual education. But, if it was in every school man y of these could have possibly been prevented. At the school I attend, sexual education is not offered. We are faced with several unwanted pregnancies, and with sexual education, I think these could be prevented. Without any knowledge of sex, there are many possible things that could go wrong. If you plan on having sex, especially in high school, you need to make sure you have an understanding of it. If sexual education was taught in schools, it could help prevent the unwanted consequencesShow MoreRelatedSexual Education in Public Schools760 Words à |à 3 PagesSexual education has long been a topic of debate among many different in our American society.à The public schools system offers sexual education or sex ed to all students, and offer parents the option to exclude their children from these class rooms.à Discussions to making these classes mandatory has drawn some positive supports and negative supports in the forum disputes of sex education topic.à Due to the high numb er of teen pregnancies (As of 2012, the teen birth rate was 29 births per 1,000 teenRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Ed1697 Words à |à 7 PagesSexual education (sex ed) in public schools has long been a controversial and debated topic in society. There are several questions when it comes to approaching sex ed in schools. These questions include: appropriate age for introducing sex ed; should sex ed be mandatory or optional; and whether sex ed programs should be comprehensive or abstinence-based. Sex ed is a necessary subject to teach in schools. It should be appropriate to the grade level and taught in a knowledgeable, unbiased manner.Read MoreThe Significance Of Sex Education982 Words à |à 4 PagesOctober 2017 The Significance of Sex Education As teenagers start to grow up, they face with many difficult decisions about relationship and sexual behavior in their lives. It can impact their lives, health and behavior. To make sure that your children follow the right path to live a healthy life, sex education can prepare them to make good decisions. If you are not sexually active, that doesnââ¬â¢t mean you shouldnââ¬â¢t give up your chance to learn about it. Sex education shouldnââ¬â¢t be limited to teenagersRead MoreSexual Education And Sex Education1358 Words à |à 6 Pagesadults know the results of their choices? Sexual education teaches all of the following, and kids in the curriculum are more likely to defend themselves in a plot when they were approached by a stranger (ââ¬Å"Teaching children in schoolsâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ). Sexual education teaches students about sexual health, abstinence, and information such as contraception, condoms, unplanned pregnancies, and sexually transmitted diseases (ââ¬Å"Sex Education Programsâ⬠). Comprehensive sexual education provides students with tools they useRead MoreHigh School And College Campuses947 Words à |à 4 PagesTake Home Exam II Several education, prevention, and punishment programs can be enforced in high school and college campuses to discourage and prevent: extensive use of alcohol to the point of alcohol poisoning potentially leading to the death of the individual(s), prevention of reckless sexual behavior, date rape and other sexual violence. By enforcing more and effective programs through means of education, prevention and punishment the frequency of these actions in high schools and college campusesRead MoreThe Best Kind of Sex Education708 Words à |à 3 Pages There is much controversy over which form of sex education should be taught, comprehensive sex education, or abstinence-only sex education. The definition for comprehensive sex education is responsible and balanced sexuality education that seeks to assist young people in understanding a positive view of sexuality, provide them with information and skills about caring for their sexual health, and help them acquire skills to make decisions now and in the future. It is medically accurate and providesRead MoreSexual Education As A Mandatory Course Necessary For Young Adults940 Words à |à 4 PagesSex education is quite a controversial topic in the world of education today. The act of informing young adults about sexual orientation, sexual health, sexual reproduction and the safety precautions in order to stay safe are all things that these young adults should know, but the problem is, who should have to teach them such a controversial topic? Should parents have to overcome the uneasy a nd uncomfortable feelings they face when mentioning such a topic to their children, or should the responsibilityRead MoreGraduation Speech : School For Twelve Years And Not Learning Basic Lessons Essay1290 Words à |à 6 Pagesto and apply when in middle school. High school should be where every student learns complex lessons and strategies that they will apply to real life situations as they grow older. Teachers give lessons on math equations, encoding poems, and mixing music. As the students soon graduate, they take these lessons with them with and use them in life. Even though we learn most of these necessary lessons, there are many high school students that should be learning what they need to know in life. AfterRead MoreSex Education : Comprehensive Sexual Education972 Words à |à 4 PagesSex Education Comprehensive sexual education has long been a contentious issue within the United States of America. Owing largely to Americaââ¬â¢s history and culture, sexual education has long been stigmatized as unnecessary involvement in the private life, or even misattributed to rising rates of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. A U.S. review article, however, poses the opposite argument ââ¬â ââ¬Å"The overwhelming weight of evidence reveals that sex education which discusses contraceptionRead MoreThe Unspeakable Word: Censorship in Schools Essay725 Words à |à 3 Pagesmake it mandatory to take a Sex education class while attending a public high school. If you are going to engage in sexual activity, one should at least know what consequences can happen or what is really going on. Some of the most common risks and affects of sex include pregnancy, STDs and STIs, and emotional scars. Having a baby can ruin the coupleââ¬â¢s lives that are not ready. Having a baby is exp ensive and time consuming. STDs and STIs ââ¬Å"are infectious diseases that are spread through sexual contact
Friday, May 15, 2020
Computers Are Capable Of Amazing Things Essay - 2087 Words
Mainframes and supercomputers are incredible pieces of technology that are capable of amazing things. A mainframe is capable of handling a large quantity of data in a short period of time while a supercomputer is capable of solving complex scientific calculations. Both the mainframes and the supercomputers have a lot to offer and they are capable of great things. A supercomputer can perform some incredible functions. Scientific research and simulation are two of the great functions, which interconnect with each other, for which supercomputers are used. It is normal to hear talk or read about supercomputers as state-of-the-art machines, giants capable of developing tasks that would otherwise be impossible. When a new model that exceeds in power to the rest of the existent publishes figures of its performance, the tens of thousands of processors that it contains or the hundreds of thousands of cores that form it stand out. All this disproportionate hardware has a purpose. Currently, a supercomputer is tens of thousands of times faster than an average desktop computer. Parallel processing of information achieves impressive speeds, allowing a computing power needed to address some of today s biggest scientific doubts and problems. Actually they are machines formed by the same components that we find in a computer, however, these have been integrated in such a way that they can work in coordination and at the same time. Today, the world s fastest supercomputer is the Tianhe-2,Show MoreRelatedTechnology Changing the Workforce835 Words à |à 4 Pagesto the 1400s, Johan Gutenberg revolutionized the world as we know it today by developing the printing press. Today, we take such things for granted but it is writing that makes it possible to spread knowledge, communication, and ideas over such a wide body of population. With the amazing developing of print, other inventions began emerging. Thanks to some amazing innovatists, the radio, television, telephone, and now today, the Internet, have all been established. Not only have these inventionsRead MoreEssay on Technology Changing the Workforce818 Words à |à 4 Pages1400ââ¬â¢s, Johan Gutenberg revolutionized the world as we know it today by developing the printing press. Today, we take such things for granted but it is writing that makes it possible to spread knowledge, communication, and ideas over such a wide body of population. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With the amazing developing of print, other inventions began emerging. Thanks to some amazing innovatists, the radio, television, telephone, and now today, the Internet, have all been established. Not only haveRead MoreThe Images Of The Digital Image1556 Words à |à 7 PagesThe Digital Image is a relatively new thing in the large scheme of things, with the advancement of technology also came the evolution of this medium. The first instance of digital imaging came with the invention of the camera. Photography as we know it today is usually considered to have begun in 1839 when Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre released the Daguerreotype image. Photography would remain from this point a relatively expensive and crude medium that would slowly progress through the years. InRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed My Life982 Words à |à 4 Pagesout I was going to grow up using and studying the works of it. The very first piece of technology I have ever used was a deskt op computer in 2002. I obtained this item from my grandfather that was into technology at the time also; he wanted to pass down information to me. Being able to grow up with something so sophisticated has been just amazing. Using that computer I have received really got my attention. I started using it for more than five hours a day. At that time I had very few responsibilitiesRead MoreThe Human Torch: The Ultimate Superhero647 Words à |à 3 Pagesthe crime fighting team known as the Fantastic Four. This team consistents of : The Invisible Women (Johnnyââ¬â¢s sister), Mr. Fantastic (Reed Richards) and The Thing (Ben Grimm). Although he is the youngest team member, he is by far the brightest star. The Human Torch is the ultimate superhero because he has: a fearless personality, an amazing uniform that can withstand extreme heat, and an magnificent fiery superpower . Human Torch has a daring and fearless personality that makes him special in tonsRead MoreThe Pros And Disadvantages Of Artificial Intelligence1423 Words à |à 6 PagesArtificial intelligence can be defined as the ability of a computer performing activities normally considered to require human intelligence. According to Blay Whitby, ââ¬Å"Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the study of intelligent behavior (in humans, animals, and machines) and the attempt to find ways in which such behavior could be engineered in any type of artifact. It is one of the most difficult and arguably the most exciting enterprise ever undertaken by humanityâ⬠(1). Technology is moving at a fastRead MoreStar Wars Episode Vii : The Force Awakens1129 Words à |à 5 Pagesseventh movie last year. Droids are a type of robot that take the shape of a life form (humans, dogs, cats, etc.). So how does our cute little friend work? Thereââ¬â¢s an important mechanism that helps BB-8 function -- itââ¬â¢s called the gyroscope. This amazing gadget defies gravity when you spin the disc within fast enough and can do some pretty neat tricks. As long as it keeps spinning, the gyroscope will keep on defying gravity. How neat is that?! I believe BB-8 has a gyroscope inside a segway-type ââ¬Å"baseRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Life And Economic Power Has Made The Great Nations Of Today s Society Essay935 Words à |à 4 Pagesof today withstand the test of time. These great features, great attributes of the modern world are only capable due to the minds of the greatest; the most intelligent people in the world. Benjamin Franklin with the founding of electricity. Rosalyn Sussman Yalow with the development of radioimmunoassay. Steve Jobs with the revolutionary foundation of the company Apple, changing the computers of today. All three of these people are incredibly intelligent and have provided tremendous c ontributionsRead MoreComputer Engineering : My Future Degree1513 Words à |à 7 PagesComputer Engineering: My Future Degree Computers and technology seem to fascinate many people, so it should come as no surprise that there are many occupations that involve computers and technology. Computers are everywhere, even in places that most do not think. Most people who are asked how many computers they have in their house would give an incorrect answer. Many just state how many actual computers they have, not realizing that computers are in a lot of devices in their home. There are hundredsRead MoreComputers Are Becoming The Way Of The Future1508 Words à |à 7 Pages Computers and technology seem to fascinate many people, so it should come as no surprise that there are many occupations that involve computers and technology. Computers are everywhere, even in places that most do not think. Most people who are asked how many computers they have in their house would give an incorrect answer. Many just state how many actual computers they have, not realizing that computers are in a lot of devices in their home. Th ere are hundreds, maybe even thousands of computers
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Analytical Essay of Crossing by Mark Slouka - 790 Words
Analytical essay of â⬠Crossingâ⬠- Mark Slouka ââ¬Å"No love is greater than that of a father for His sonâ⬠ââ¬â This quote can be related to the short story crossing, which is written by Mark Slouka. The father (Narrator) has a past where he failed a lot on the family-front, now he is trying to make things better by trying to improve his bond to his son. A relationship between a son and his father is difficult to maintain when the sons father and mother are divorced. The custody is typically awarded to the mother of the child. How would a father behave when he get the chance to strengthen the bond between his son and himself? Mark Slouka has used third-person limited omniscient narrator. This means a few things for the narrative technique.â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦However when the sun shines, later in the story, the father gets into a positive mood. The protagonist in the short story is the father. There is not much dialogue in the short story, so the characterization of the protagonist will be based on actions and not on what they say. As I mentioned in the intro, the father has a past where he failed on the family-front, the background story is shown in this quote ââ¬Å"â⬠¦and at some point he saw her watching them, leaning against the kitchen counter in her bathrobe, and when he looked at her she shook her head and looked away and at that moment he thought, maybe ââ¬â maybe he could make this right.â⬠In this part of the story he is about to get his son and when he thinks that he could make it right this time, the reader gets an impact that he had done it wrong in the past. So we have a father who have been on astray and are getting on better thoughts. ââ¬Å"No love is greater than that of a father for His sonâ⬠ââ¬â the unhappy
Essay Teenage Suicide - 1191 Words
Teenage suicide has become a critical, national problem the extent of which is mind boggling. From 1980 to 1992 the rate of suicides involving persons from the ages of 10-14 years old has increased by 120 percent, and has increased 28.3 percent when involving persons from the ages of 15-19 years old (Suicide 451). More recently in a poll of 3,210 high-school honor students, a stunning one-quarter have seriously considered suicide (Eaton 15). Suicides have been proven to be one of the leading causes of death among teens, falling second only to accidents (Roberts 45). This data, however, may be inaccurate, being that deaths labeled accidental may have actually been teen suicides. Also, many families may not want to report suicides orâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Violent behavior and suicide may be directly related to altered brain chemistry according to Marie Asberg, a Swedish psychiatrist. She has found that there are lower levels of the cerebrospinal chemical 5-HIAA in suicidal subj ects, when compared to ââ¬Å"normalâ⬠subjects. This chemical is a by product of the brain neurotransmitter serotonin, which may regulate mood and aggression (Long 25). According to Dr. Michael Stanley, a professor of psychiatry at Columbia University, ââ¬Å"the serotonin data [is] the most potentially promising development in the suicide prevention field.â⬠According to Stanley, it may be possible to test whether or not a person may be suicidal (qtd. in Long 25). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Some say that the incrteased rate of completed suicicdes may be atributed to the use of more leathal means during attempts. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another major factor that relates to adolescent suicide is the use of drugs and alcohol. Experts estimated that an amazing three out of four youths that commit suicide have abused drugs at one time or another. Alcohol has also been found in the blood of at least half of all adolescents at the time of there suicide (Long 23). There are many reasons why drugs and alcohol create a higher risk of suicide. For example, first, drugs are commonly used as an escape; they help in coping with stress and frustration by blocking it out. ThisShow MoreRelatedTeenage Suicide2112 Words à |à 9 PagesTeenage Suicide: The Fallen Ones Introduction: Teenage suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 15 and 19. I. Causes of teenage suicide a. Bullying b. Problems at home c. ââ¬Å"heartbreakâ⬠/ low self-confidence II. Bullying a. Verbal b. Physical c. Internet III. Problems at home a. Divorce b. Grades dropping c. Acceptance IV. ââ¬Å"Heartbreakâ⬠/ Low self-confidence a. Breakup b. Death in family c. Depression Sherrill 1 Jessica Sherrill Mrs. Lee English III 28 April, 2011Read MoreTeen Suicide And Teenage Suicide1371 Words à |à 6 PagesGutierrez Concepcion Gutierrez-Yanez Mrs. Gallos English 3 Honors April 6, 2017 Teen Suicide Brandy Vela, an eighteen-year-old high school student, committed suicide right in front of her family. Due to all the bullying over her weight, and especially in social media, she pulled the trigger and ended her life. It is said that her sister had heard a noisy disturbance and when she went upstairs to her sisterââ¬â¢s room, she found Vela holding a gun pointing at her chest. ââ¬Å"She is just crying and cryingRead MoreTeenage Depression and Suicide1246 Words à |à 5 Pagessomething else had seized control of my mind.â⬠ââ¬Å"The darkness was spreading inside me like a cancer.â⬠ââ¬â These descriptions are how Cait Irwin, who suffered from depression as a teenager, described it. Teenage depression is a common but serious illness that can ultimately send some on a downward spiral towards suicide that can be averted if recognized and given the proper treatment. Countless teenagers experience some type of depression in their lifetime, but what exactly is depression and just how commonRead More Teenage Suicide Essay1404 Words à |à 6 PagesTeenage Suicide Each day 86 Americans take their own lives and another 1,500 attempts to do so. Even more disturbing is that suicide among a young people nation wide have increased dramatically in recent years. In fact thousands of teenagers each year commit suicide. It is the third leading cause of death among young adults aged 15-24. With the first two leading causes being unintentional injury and homicide. There are many reasons why teenagers feel the need to take their own life. They are atRead MoreTeenage Suicide On The Rise Essay1521 Words à |à 7 PagesTeenage Suicide on the Rise: In 2011, James Rodemeyer, a 14 year old junior high school student from Buffalo revealed his bisexuality via the World Wide Web. The weeks following Rodemeyer experienced taunting, name calling, assault and isolation from his peers. Even his close friends refused to sit with him at lunch. Later that year, James Rodemeyer committed suicide.This case is just one of many where an adolescent feels that their is no other solution than to end their life. It is estimated thatRead MoreTeen Suicide And Teenage Suicide1357 Words à |à 6 Pagestake a more proactive step to prevent teen suicide by giving their students and staff more of an education. For example the Ontario Shores Mental Health Science wants schools to be more aware also; ââ¬Å"Last week the Durham school boards announced a new curriculum to teach teachers about mental illness in youth, funded by the Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences in Whitby.â⬠( Scallan and Chantaie). A town in Ontario brought this iss ue of teen suicide up to the school board. The school boardRead MoreRisk Factors of Teenage Suicide1217 Words à |à 5 PagesTeenage suicide is a major national public health concern facing America today. Thousands of teenagers commit suicide each year. Many experts believe that teenage suicide is often due to unpredictable circumstances and can be contributed to hormonal impulses. However, recent case findings and statistics prove that this is not necessarily true. Although some teenage suicides may be the result of youthful and impulsive actions, certain risk factors, signs, and symptoms can contribute to self-inflictedRead MoreThe Factors And Effects Of Teenage Suicide1912 Words à |à 8 PagesJanuary 6 2015 The factors and effects of teenage suicide as the result of bullying There has been an unfortunate increase in the news about teenagers killing themselves as a result of being bullied. With the increase of social media bullying is now easier and faster to do. Even if someone doesnââ¬â¢t live in the same area as their bully they can still be bullied and taunted. One of the reasons why teenage suicide has gone up with the increase of social media use is because bullyingRead MoreTeenage Suicide : A Devastating Event1509 Words à |à 7 PagesTeenage Suicide When I was undergoing my journey through high school, there was a devastating event that affected the entire school from that point on; one of my fellow classmates had committed suicide. It was heart breaking to hear what had happened to someone at such a young age. A teenage boy drove to a spot in North Carolina where his dad had committed suicide just a few years ago. In that same exact place where his dad committed suicide, he decided to take his own life. According to WorldRead MoreTeenage Depression - Teen Suicide1399 Words à |à 6 Pages Teen Suicide Over the past few yearsââ¬â¢ teenage depression has drastically increased due to multiple factors such as peer pressure and bullying. According to Linda Lambââ¬â¢s article Young People Can Suffer From Depression, Too,â⬠The suicide rate among teenagers [today] is about 10 per 100,000â⬠. A handout from the Health and Human Services Department and National Institute of Mental Health stated,â⬠in the last 25 years, the rate of suicide among teenagers and young adults has increased dramatically.ââ¬
Cloud Computing Opportunities and Strategyââ¬MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computing for Opportunities and Strategy. Answer: Introduction Cloud Computing is something that every company is trying to get their hands on and also trying to implement it on their infrastructure so that they can work more efficiently and this will help in doing their task more easily. Cloud Computing also helps in presenting their data in a more unique and proper way. This helps their employees to work even faster and with this, they can save their data and can also access their data from any part of the world. Sharing of information is also quite easy as the opposite party just needs to download the files (Almorsy, Grundy Mller 2016). The following article discusses about the use of cloud computing and how SoftArc is implementing it in their own company and it highlights the points that the company needs to consider before implementing it. Accessing the files is possible from anywhere and anytime. Integration with previous solutions should exist. Major benefits and issues regarding using office automation This feature is very much required for the civil engineers as with this feature enabled they can get their information without any delays from the files that they already uploaded or created. After creation of their plan, all they need to do is to upload the file and they can share this file with anyone across the world and the biggest ease of having this is that they do not have to carry all these files with them all time (Almorsy, Grundy Mller 2016). With this, information can be shared also readily. Another feature is that it should be well integrated with all the previous solutions so that the engineers can get go back to their previous solutions. Even if they need to make some changes to their solutions and review it back, it should be available to the engineers. If it is not integrated, then the engineers need to make the whole plan or solution from the scratch which take a whole lot of time and this will put a financial pressure over the company too (Hashizume et al. 2013). Office Automation is very much appropriate for the civil engineers as this is fully cloud based which helps them to save their files over the cloud and they can access it from anywhere. It should be able to provide full security to the users so that the file does not get stolen and also users should be able to easily access these files. Different types of Service Providers Cloud Hosting Servers are the servers which are basically provided by the service providers and it is mainly operated from other infrastructure which is controlled by a third party. In this, they are responsible to make any sort of changes or make an update to the system so that the users can use them with ease whereas in Locally Hosted Servers, it is a set up that is made by the company itself within their premise (Hashizume et al. 2013). For this to make happen, the company need to install everything that is required for the cloud setup and if any future update comes, they need to install it from the beginning. There are certain benefits and advantage of using Locally Hosted Servers and Cloud Based Servers which are: Security becomes the biggest concerns for any organization as their main goal is to safeguard their company information from the prying eyes. For this, locally hosted servers are considered the best as with this the company can get full control over their data and the data remains within the infrastructure only and the company can also even monitor who is looking into their data and who is trying to access those data. This is not possible with the cloud based servers as in this, all the data is in a scattered form and the data is out in the open so it can be viewed by anyone (Hashizume et al. 2013). With this, the company has got no control over their data. The second thing that any company sees is the Accessibility and for this, cloud based servers are considered the best as they are much superior and they help in enhancing the data and it also helps in greatly improving the ability so that users can reach out to their data (Othman, Madani Khan 2014). It is also quite useful when there is a need to search for any particular data and this feature is not possible with the servers which are installed locally within the organization. Cost is the third factor that a company needs to consider while choosing the cloud technology and for this Cloud based Servers are the best as it is already installed so there is no extra cost for installation and in case of locally hosted server, the company needs to set up the whole system within their organization and it requires maintenance also time to time which is not the case for cloud based servers (Sanaei et al. 2014). Another problem is that if there is any update, then the company need not to worry about installing it as it is totally over the service providers to install the updates but in case of locally hosted servers, the company needs to install the updates from their own and by doing so they need to update the whole system from the beginning and by doing so there might be some data loss (Wei et al. 2014). Factors needs to be taken care by SoftArc There are various factors that SoftArc needs to consider while moving to cloud service providers with the help of IaaS. Location is the first thing that the company needs to consider as it is very important for the company to deal with customer satisfaction so they should choose a service provider whose data center is close to users so that they can reduce the latency and they can deal better with their users more efficiently and get to know more from them (Sadiku, Musa Momoh 2014). API is the second thing that the company needs to check with their service providers and they should opt for the service providers which is having strong API because having strong API will help the company to control every aspect of the cloud and also having strong API will let the company to treat the whole infrastructure as a code (Sanaei et al. 2014). Auto-Scaling is the next thing that the company should prioritize while choosing their service providers as this will help them to have less deviation when it comes to traffic and this also helps in maintaining the load balance. It also helps in analyzing and monitoring the overall of the company by keeping a close watch on any incoming traffic. The last thing that the company needs to consider is the Architecture as the company needs to be in constant communication with different servers and all these communications should be maintained well secure (Sadiku, Musa Momoh 2014). Main difference between IaaS, SaaS and PaaS Platform as a Service (PaaS) is considered the lowest of all three known cloud services and it is basically used for software development and deployment. It is generally a server side application and helps in providing a working environment where all the software related things such as installation, managing and up-gradation of the software takes place (Hashem et al. 2015). It is also useful when it comes to reducing the cost of the licensing software. It also helps in virtualization which gives a clear idea about the development and deployment of the software (Sadiku, Musa Momoh 2014). Software as a Service (SaaS) basically works over the old client model of software where the web browsers are given the access to interact with the servers. It is the most common form of service that is currently available for the users by the service providers. While using SaaS, third parties are given the responsibility with the development of the software (Di Spaltro, Polvi Welliver 2016). The main advantage of using SaaS is that it helps in reducing the cost for the development of the software that includes installation, managing and upgrading the software and also it helps in reducing the cost for licensing the software (Arora, Parashar Transforming 2013). Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is considered to the top of the service that is currently available. It mainly comprises of automated and scalable resources which comes in built with the cloud storage and network facility and is readily available to the users on demand. The main advantage of using IaaS is that with this, clients can directly access these servers and storage. It also helps in virtualization by creating a Virtual Data Center. IaaS is also flexible in nature and it also helps in deployment of automated servers, processing power, storage and also helps with networking (Arora, Parashar Transforming 2013). It also helps in web scale deployments and also helps with SaaS and PaaS. SharePoint using Cloud Services SaaS and PaaS are considered to be the appropriate cloud services when it comes to SharePoint as it a web based application so with the help of SaaS, it can give access to the web browsers which will help them to run it on the servers. It also helps in software development and deployment and also helps in reducing the cost while performing those actions. PaaS helps in developing applications on the SharePoint (Bahrami Singhal 2015). Being a web service makes the experience even more pleasant. There are various problems while implementing these services. The first one is that the user needs an internet connection all the time while working with these services as there is no option for offline working. Before choosing any service provider, they should make sure that the service provider is providing high speed internet connectivity. The second big problem is of data threat as on using cloud based servers, the data is out in the open and anyone can view this information. So to avoid this problem, the service providers should try to encrypt these data all throughout the time (Garg, Versteeg Buyya 2013). Using cloud based servers also takes the control away from the company to monitor their data so before choosing any cloud based servers, they should do a deep research over them and about their services. Last issue is that they should choose a service provider whose data center is close to the users so that the latency can be reduced and they can be in constant touch with the ir customers (Di Spaltro, Polvi Welliver 2016). Conclusion Cloud Computing becoming an integral part for SoftArc as with cloud computing, they can process huge sum of information within few minutes and it supports multi processing from different systems which makes it even more faster. The data that are stored over the cloud are strongly encrypted and if any unauthorized access takes place, the data might get corrupted and it may be of no use then. The main advantage of using these cloud computing is that files can be access from anywhere in the world and also it can shared to any part without any delay. Cloud computing also helps in by providing features like Scalability, Robust and is mainly Task Centric and it is a very powerful tool to work with who knows it true power. Reference Almorsy, M., Grundy, J., Mller, I. (2016). An analysis of the cloud computing security problem.arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.01107. Alqahtany, S., Clarke, N., Furnell, S., Reich, C. (2014). A forensically-enabled iaas cloud computing architecture. Arora, R., Parashar, A., Transforming, C. C. I. (2013). Secure user data in cloud computing using encryption algorithms.International journal of engineering research and applications,3(4), 1922-1926. Bahrami, M., Singhal, M. (2015). The role of cloud computing architecture in big data. InInformation granularity, big data, and computational intelligence(pp. 275-295). Springer International Publishing. Di Spaltro, D., Polvi, A., Welliver, L. (2016).U.S. Patent No. 9,501,329. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Garg, S. K., Versteeg, S., Buyya, R. (2013). A framework for ranking of cloud computing services.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(4), 1012-1023. Hashem, I. A. T., Yaqoob, I., Anuar, N. B., Mokhtar, S., Gani, A., Khan, S. U. (2015). The rise of big data on cloud computing: Review and open research issues.Information Systems,47, 98-115. Hashizume, K., Rosado, D. G., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. B. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing.Journal of Internet Services and Applications,4(1), 5. Othman, M., Madani, S. A., Khan, S. U. (2014). A survey of mobile cloud computing application models.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(1), 393-413. Sadiku, M. N., Musa, S. M., Momoh, O. D. (2014). Cloud computing: opportunities and challenges.IEEE potentials,33(1), 34-36. Sanaei, Z., Abolfazli, S., Gani, A., Buyya, R. (2014). Heterogeneity in mobile cloud computing: taxonomy and open challenges.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(1), 369-392. Wei, L., Zhu, H., Cao, Z., Dong, X., Jia, W., Chen, Y., Vasilakos, A. V. (2014). Security and privacy for storage and computation in cloud computing.Information Sciences,258, 371-386.
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Sustainable Management Strategy for Prophylactic Proficiency
Question: Discuss about theSustainable Management Strategy for Prophylactic Proficiency. Answer: Introduction The core agenda projected for 2030 are based on sustainable development and management strategies which aim generally at securing a sustainable, equitable, successful and peaceful life on the world for each and every one at all time and moments, all this is believed to be achievable through integration of information and communication (ICT) in courses to be offered and learned by students in worldwide colleges and universities. The integration of information and communication in learning institutions is believed to enhance knowledge to the students through sharing, discussing and acquiring more contents from their other colleagues and lecturers in different institutions worldwide and also to easy their learning by not specifically going to classes, since learning may even proceed when they are in their respective homes or rooms, through interconnection of their laptops or desktop either by fiber optics or student hub, with each and every lectures from their teaching point. The achievement of this integration of information and communication technology in any institution, in carrying out all activities will enhance a better sustainable management strategy that will help the institution achieve its policy objectives. Technical solutions involving integration of sustainability Systems thinking proficiency For system thinking competency one will have aptitudes of recognizing and understanding the relationships on analyzing more complex systems; to be able to know the insertion of systems in several domains and diverse scales and also be able to cope up with uncertainty. Prophylactic proficiency For anticipatory proficiency one will be able to understand and estimate numerous features as possible, credible and desirable; will be able to create his or her personal visions aiming at the future, will be able to apply a cautionary standard, will be able to evaluate the significances of each action; and will be able to cope up with hazards and modifications. Normative proficiency For normative proficiency one will be able to have the competence to comprehend and replicate on the customs and principles that motivate ones activities and be able to implement sustainability standards, ideologies, goals, and objectives, in a perspective of uncertain knowledge and ambiguities. Strategic proficiency For strategic proficiency one will be able to have the competence for mutual development and implementation of the innovative actions on advance sustainability at all stages. Collaboration proficiency For collaboration proficiency one will be able to have the ability to learn from each other, to comprehend and respect the essentials, empathy, to understand, have empathic governance, to solve conflicts that may arise in groups, and also be able to have a facilitation for solving the collaborative and the participatory problem. Integrated problem-solving proficiency For integrated problem solving proficiency one will have the competence in applying diverse framework technique on solving multifaceted sustainability problems and be able to develop feasible, comprehensive and reasonable solution possibilities that will stimulate sustainable development and incorporating all competences that will be required. Relevant environmental or sustainability legislation, regulations and codes of practice The maturity the Act public sector (ACTPs) on its implementation expects employees, administrators and managers to adhere to the Standards and moral behaviors as stipulated in the ACTPS code of conduct. The ACTPS is inconsistent in all the categories that will include executive cohort. The inconsistency is limited to the awareness of: The outfits that are available and capable of dealing with inappropriate workstation conduct. The objectives and ideologies of all the protocol structure of work. How processes will occur under all protocol structure of work. Mainly, there will be discrepancies around by what method the implements will be provided and illustrated to administrators as practical initiatives that will enhance the capacity to cope up with issues of behavioral in workstation. Estimate potential energy savings and payback for student hub Caf` The estimate of an existing cafe electrical efficiency of 15 kW, but an old model cafe is estimated to have 25 kW and its cost is $150 in addition to trade-in. Assuming construction of 180 annual cafe, the newer caf would consume 7.2 kW (= 180/25) of electricity versus 12 kW (= 180/15) for existing cafe. At consumption cost of $50.00 per Kw, and for the extra 4.8 kW conserved will be equal to $240 annually. Therefore the payback period will be equal to 0.625 years (= $150/$240). But, at increased electrical costs of a $4.00 per kW, then the payback will be equal to 0.579 years (=$150/$259.2). Audio-visual lounges An audio-visual lounge is expected to work on a maximum of ten hours per week, while a new audio-visual lounge is expected to save at least one kWh of energy occurring at each hour of its operation that means it will save 10 kWh per week or an equivalence of 520 kWh annually. If we assume electricity will costs $0.10 per every kWh, then the annual cost that will be saved will be equal to $52. If the cost for fixing 10 audio-visual lounge is approximately $1,000 on average, then the payback will be equivalent to 19.2 years, that is (= $1,000/$52). Internet corner Initial cost for internet facility is projected to be equivalent to $400, while the annual electrical energy that is saved is projected to be equivalence to $2,000. Then the payback period will be equal 0.2 years that is (= $400/$2,000) and the savings on the first year will be equal to $1,600 and $2,000 in the second year. Hence the estimated for the internet project will be 2 years, and its return on investment will be equivalent to $3,600 over two years. Equity and diversity principles and OHS safety The integrated information technology that will be implemented will be able to conventionalize on healthiness, sanitation and safety and can analytically check on them by inclusion and understanding the significance of gender. The integrated information technology will be able to conceptualize on the student to understand most chronic communicable and non-communicable diseases, and also understand the susceptible crowds and areas regarding the infection, ailment and premature death. The ICT will enable one understands the both the social, or political, or economical dimensions on health and safety. The ICT will enable one comprehends the significance of mental health.. The ICT will enable one comprehend on appropriate prevention approaches to substitute it with a positive physical and mental health and safety Reference Aguilera, R. J. (2003). The cross national diversity of corporate governance: Dimensions and determinants. Acad. Khanna, T.; Kogan, J.; Palepu, K. Globalization and dissimilarities in corporate governance: A cross-countryanalysis. Rev. Econ. Stat. 2006, 88, 6990. Yoshikawa, T.; Rasheed, A.A. Convergence of corporate governance: Critical review and future directions.Corp. Gov. 2009, 17, 388404. [CrossRef] Lazarides, T.; Drimpetas, E. Corporate governance regulatory convergence: A remedy for the wrong problem.Int. J. Law Manag. 2010, 52, 182192. [CrossRef] Politis, J. Convergence of Corporate Governance in a Globalised World: The Case of the BRICs. In Proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Management, Leadership and Governance, Pafos, Cyprus, 89 November 2012; Academic Publishing International Limited: Reading, UK, 2012; pp. 380389. Clarke, T. The continuing diversity of corporate governance: Theories of convergence and variety. Ephemera 2016, 16, 1952. UN Global Compact. Guide to Corporate Sustainability; UN Global Compact: New York, NY, USA, 2015. International Labour Organization. Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy (MNE Declaration), 4th ed.; ILO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2014. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. G20/OECD Principles of Corporate Governance; OECD Publishing: Paris, France, 2015. International Organization for Standardization. ISO 26000 Guidance on Social Responsibility; ISO: Geneva, Switzerland, 2010. European Commission. The EU Corporate Governance Framework; COM(2011) 164 Final, Green Paper; European Commission: Brussels, Belgium, 2011.
Monday, April 13, 2020
Africa and Colonialism Essays
Africa and Colonialism Essays Africa and Colonialism Paper Africa and Colonialism Paper When we look at Africa for that past couple of years wee see Genocide in Rwanda and Darfur ,instability in Sierra Leone, lack of a government in Somalia, Civil War in Sudan , land grabbing and AIDS in Zimbabwe, Diamond and Oil wars in Angola, Crime in South Africa. . Not to mention the problems caused by foreign debt, and affected by international ignorance and exploitation. In this paper I will try to you asses the political economic legacy of colonialism in Africa. he legacy is substantially based on the fact that that the Europeans wanted to extract resources from Africans by any means possible, even if that would lead to the instability in and destruction of the content political, economic, and social institutions up to the present time. The most crucial economic legacy that colonialism left on Africaââ¬â¢s economy was the integration of the African economy into the world economic system. n the Conference of Berlin in 1884-85, europians established the rules by which Africa wo uld be involed in the world economy ,these rules forced africa to produce raw materials and agricultural goods to meet the needs of Europes industries and consumers. what resulted is that traditional agricultural economies were forced to specialize in cash crops meant for export. This transformation led to dependence on foreign distribution and consumption. So there system brought all the economic benefit to the Europeans at the expense of their colonies by making them dependent on the europian seystem. Presedent Munro, for example, argues that integration into the international economy was the key factor that exacerbated colonial dependencies; He said ââ¬Å"Being unprepared to compete in the global market, the integration of these new states into the world economy merely deepened their colonial dependencyâ⬠This impact of colonialism effected both the internal and external causes of underdevelopment in africa today . Internally, the political and economic structures of the colonial state were bult to meet the needs of the europians ,which left africans with no abilitilty to develop after the fall of the british empire empires. And Externally, colonialism created dependencies that african states faced after the fall of formal colonial control, I say formal colonial control because many say that africa now is living in a stage of neo-clonolism since their substanstilly depend till now on many europians countries. So, if we take a step back and take a look at africa we see that all components of modern social and economic life in Africa are a direct or indirect result of colonialsm Its very important to maention that a lot of African countrys economies depend fully on one single export. The integration of the these economies to the world market made these countries fully dependent on the world price of its single export. Abid Rashed in his essay ââ¬Å"The Enduring Impact of Imperialism and Colonialism on Africa ââ¬Å" said ââ¬Å"if the world supply of copper were to double because of new deposits in Brazil or Chile; the boom in Katanga and Zambia would quickly come to an end. Similarly, the prosperity or poverty of Ghanaian farmers depended directly on the price of cocoa on the world marketâ⬠. And also, many of the African countries produce the same export, escpicially in the agricultural countries in east Africa and West Africa, so colonialsm forced them into an economic system that is based on competition while they donââ¬â¢t have the ability to compete with each other. Africa, as a result of all that, became so weak to the ups and downs of the world market Also, colonialism made African economies end their reliance on local manufacturing in . Most manufactures currnely are controlled by multinational corporations, and a lot of African countries are welcoming these corporations more and more because they want to get a share of the outsourcing that these corporation are involved in, in places like India and China, to manufacture their goods cheaply. The involment of multinational corporations in Africa might bring some money and revive the economy to a certain extent, but it also increases africaââ¬â¢s dependency on these these corporations and their producat. These corporations are creating the era of Europeans neo-colonialism in Africa . to the present day, most African countries get their goods from the europians that colonised thri country in the past and rely on these goods to continue surviving ; which make you think that nothing peobably changed except that the direct control of europians and the physical presence of their people Colonialism made Africa get trapped in a system where they will lose all the time , as long as they cant manufactoer their goods locally without depending on the Europeans. It would be very difficult to get out from the world economy because of there dependence on imports from europians (cars, machines, food) this reliance fro survival was unheard of in pre-colonial Africa. Famines, for example did not exist in pre-colonial Afrca, which gives you a sensed of the huge negative impact that the europians had. ). The importation of cars, machines, food- which was unheard of in pre-colonial Africa is needed for daily survival. There were no famines in Africa prior to colonialism Also, the ways in which the domestic economies of African states are structured is also shows effect of colonialism on Africa For example, colonialism extended commerce and the money economy into the interior of Africa. This process led to the creation a common currency which limited barter exchange ââ¬Å"To trade goods or services without the exchange of moneyâ⬠, which are some of the basic components of pre-colonial African economies. 5- In addition, the commercialization of land, labour and produce o attached money to activities that had been for social use before. In pre-colonial Africa peasants and farmers would produce for there own use and maybe a little to trade for some goods but farming was for subsistence, there was no conception of production for the global market. No one owned the land in pre-colonial Africa; farmers had use rights over the land but could not sell the land One important economic benefit was the provision of infrastructure of roads, railways, harbours and ports, the telegraph and telephone. The basic infrastructure of every modern African state was completed during its colonial period. Politics Pre-colonial Africa had a large number of independent states. Some of these states were large and powerful; others were small land weaken. When the Europeans finished drawing their lines of partition, these states had been condensed into about 50 pieces of territory. This (scramble) that happened at the Berlin conference was drawn without any attention or care or consideration of the ethno cultural, geographical and ecological realities of Africa. Africa had different ethnic groups (tribes) with different historical traditions, cultures and speaking different languages. This destroyed the political development of these social groups; furthermore, ethnic groups were split into fragments in different countries for example the Ewes ere divided by the boundary between Ghana and Togo while akan are found in the ivory coast and in Ghana. The Senufo now live in Mali, the Ivory Coast and in Burkina Faso. This explains the border disputes between Burkina Faso and Mali ect. Nigeria under colonial rule brought more than a hundred ethnic groups into the colonial sphere. This colonial sphere included the theocracies of Northern Nigeria, the Chiefdoms of the Yoruba, Edo, and Itskiri, in the South, and the Ibo and Ibibio, in the East The scramble also led to the uneven sizes of and unequal distribution of natural resources in African states. Some got a lot of benefit like Nigeria with an approximated area of 357,000 square miles, while Gambia with an approximated area of 4000 square miles. Some states have few boarders e. . Gambia with one boarder whiles others had many boarders e. g. Mali with seven boarders. This makes it difficult to check the problems of security and smuggling. All this clearly would lead to many problems. Ethnic problems, economic problems, and corruption ââ¬Å"We must remember that the European agreements that had carved up Africa into states paid little attention to cultural and ethnic boundaries and ethnic groups had little opportun ity or need to form political alliances or accommodations under repressive colonial rule. Think of countries such as Canada, which has been trying for hundreds of years with mixed success to accommodate only two linguistic groups - English and French - and you get an idea of the problems of African states with far greater cultural and linguistic divisions. â⬠Africa certainly has more than 2 languages and more than few ethnic groups Also, to understand the political legacy we need to understand that many European countries like the British did not have any goals of assimilating Africans to thrir culture or giving them citzinship. It was a purely economic plan focused on maintaining stability and getting money and resources out of africa . To do that the brits divided colonies along social, cultural, or ethnic lines and maintained control by playing these groups against each other. With this system , the need for direct government intervention from the British government was less common. This worked well for the British government, in that it was cheaper to put select locals in charge rather than import European bureaucrats. And it also prevented any effective challenges to the colonial power To better understand the affect of that scarmbel on africa Consider the extent to which the Second World War of just 6 years duration has effected the developed world for 2 generations. Africa had 4 centuries of colonialism. When you get that you might be able to imagine how that might have affected the entire social, cultural, political, and economic structure of an undeveloped continent. In some parts of Africa, colonial administration had almost erased cultures and community with an ââ¬Å"educationâ⬠and ââ¬Å"civilizingâ⬠program that gave Africans only a minimal skill set that served European colonial interests. Europeans started customary laws; notice the word customary laws to link it with tradition but it was all a new invention; Europeans started costmary land-rights, customary political structure. Like every Europeans belongs to a nation, every African belong to a tripe, the restructuring of these tribes imposed new political geography, which created social higherarchy which enabled ambitious individuals and groups to achieve positions of status, dominance, and wealth that might otherwise have been unattainable. To counter all that tribalism, some leader started a single party system, but without any decisions or moral check made by shared community (like it used to be in pre-colonial Africa) it turned out to be just another tool of oppression. If we look at African leaders we see that Of the 107 African leaders overthrown between 1960 and 2003 two-thirds were murdered, jailed or slung into exile. Up until 1979 59 African leaders were toppled or assassinated. Only three retired peacefully and not one was voted out of office. No incumbent African leader ever lost an election until 1982.
Sunday, April 12, 2020
IntitleFree Commentary Essay Samples
IntitleFree Commentary Essay SamplesIntitleFree Commentary Essay Samples contains interesting and effective ideas on how to help an audience understand a passage better by providing examples. These samples are wonderful to use in an online class or for online classrooms.The last thing that you will want to do is to bore the students with your research or first paragraph. You want to establish the problem first and then present the solution. Here are some things that you can use from the IntitleFree Commentary Essay Samples:Commentaries are a good way to teach some basic concepts to your students. They are also a great tool for helping students put those concepts into practical situations. If you use this information in your classroom, your students will find it easy to understand the concept. Using this information in your writing will keep your students focused.Students who take tests that offer multiple choice answers will be much more motivated to do well. It is also helpful to pr ovide multiple choice answers when you write an essay. There are many online writing courses that will teach you how to include multiple choice answers to questions and your students will be much more motivated to take the time to complete the assignment.You can write a number of essays for your students to work on their favorite topic of the week. Your students will be interested in working on these new assignments and finding out how to build on what they have learned.These examples can help you develop lesson plans. One great way to have your students learn what you teach is to involve them in the activity. This can make the lessons fun for your students and they will love it.You can also use the examples to review what you taught in your lectures. Many teachers make use of this technique to ensure that students remember what they learned in their classroom.
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